Genetics is the branch of biology that studies genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms. It explains how traits and characteristics are passed from parents to offspring through DNA, the molecule that carries genetic information. Understanding genetics helps scientists identify inherited disorders, study evolution, and explore the relationships between different species. Key concepts include genes, chromosomes, dominant and recessive traits, and mutations, which all play a role in shaping an organism’s physical and behavioral traits.
The study of genetics has practical applications in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. Genetic research enables the development of treatments for hereditary diseases, the improvement of crops for better yield and resistance, and the creation of new biotechnological products. By understanding the basics of genetics, people gain insight into the fundamental mechanisms of life and the ways in which living organisms adapt, survive, and evolve over generations. Shutdown123